H₂O
Water
Water (H₂O) is a bent, polar molecule essential for all known life. Its 104.5° bond angle arises from two lone pairs on oxygen.
18.02 g·mol⁻¹⚡ Polarbent
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Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a linear, non‑polar molecule composed of one carbon double‑bonded to two oxygen atoms.
44.01 g·mol⁻¹○ Non‑polarlinear
CH₄
Methane
Methane (CH₄) is the simplest alkane, a tetrahedral, non‑polar molecule with four equivalent C–H bonds at 109.5°.
16.04 g·mol⁻¹○ Non‑polartetrahedral
NH₃
Ammonia
Ammonia (NH₃) is a trigonal‑pyramidal, polar molecule with a lone pair on nitrogen that compresses the H–N–H angle to 107°.
17.03 g·mol⁻¹⚡ Polartrigonal pyramidal
O₂
Oxygen
Oxygen (O₂) is a diatomic, non‑polar molecule essential for cellular respiration in aerobic organisms.
32.00 g·mol⁻¹○ Non‑polarlinear
NaCl
Sodium Chloride
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound forming a crystalline lattice. The gas‑phase ion pair is linear and highly polar.
58.44 g·mol⁻¹⚡ Polarlinear